Premature ovarian failure (POF), also known as primary ovarian insufficiency, is a condition where the ovaries stop functioning normally before age 40. This results in irregular periods or missed periods (amenorrhea) and reduced fertility. Some key facts about POF:
- It affects around 1% of women under age 40.
- The cause is often unknown, but can include autoimmune disorders, genetics, previous surgery or chemotherapy.
- Symptoms include irregular/missed periods, hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, fertility difficulties.
- Diagnosis involves blood tests for hormone levels (FSH, estradiol).
- Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and sometimes using hormones or fertility treatments.
- Autoimmune disorders - The body's immune system mistakenly attacks the ovaries. Diseases like Hashimoto's thyroiditis have been linked to POF.
- Genetics - Chromosomal abnormalities and genetic syndromes can lead to ovarian dysfunction. Family history also plays a role.
- Surgery - Operations on the ovaries or hysterectomy removing the uterus can damage blood flow to the ovaries.
- Chemotherapy/Radiation - Cancer treatments are toxic to ovaries and eggs, increasing risk of early menopause.
- Hormone therapy (HT) with estrogen/progesterone helps ease unpleasant menopausal symptoms like hot flashes. It also protects bone and heart health.
- Fertility treatments may help women with POF get pregnant in some cases. Options range from ovulation-stimulating medications to egg donation. Talk to a reproductive endocrinologist at Renew Medical Clinic.